SharePoint 2010 Build / Version Numbers

To check  the build/version details of the farm :

Browse to Central Administration > System Settings > Manage servers in your farm (/_admin/FarmServers.aspx)

Windows PowerShell: (get-spfarm).buildversion

To check the build/version detail of the products :

Browse to Central Administration > Upgrade and Migration > Check Product and patch installation status (/_admin/PatchStatus.aspx)

To check the build/version detail of the databases :

Browse to Central Administration > Upgrade and Migration > Review database status (/_admin/DatabaseStatus.aspx)

P.S. Also refer to the below link for all versions of Sharepoint

SPS 2001   |    STS 2002    |   SPS 2003    |   MOSS 2007     |   Sharepoint 2010

http://www.sharepointdesignerstepbystep.com/blog/SitePages/SharePoint%20versions.aspx

Build	Release	Component	​Information	Download Link	Notes
14.0.4763.1000	RTM	All components	​	Download	​
14.0.4762.1000	RTM	Farm Build Version	​		​
			​		​
14.0.5114.5003	June 2010 CU	SharePoint Foundation 2010	​	KB2028568	​
14.0.5114.5003	June 2010 CU	Microsoft Shared Components	​	KB2281364	​
14.0.5114.5003	June 2010 CU	Microsoft SharePoint Portal	​	KB983497	​
14.0.5114.5003	June 2010 CU	Microsoft User Profiles
14.0.5114.5003	June 2010 CU	Microsoft Search Server 2010 Core
14.0.5114.5003	June 2010 CU	Microsoft Web Analytics Web Front End Components	​	KB2204024	​
			​		​
14.0.5123.5000	August 2010 CU	SharePoint Foundation​ 2010	​	KB2352346	​
14.0.5123.5000	August 2010 CU	SharePoint Server 2010	​	KB2352342	​
			​		​
14.0.5128.5000 ​	October 2010 CU​	SharePoint Foundation​ 2010	​	KB2394323​	​
14.0.5128.5000​	October 2010 CU​	SharePoint Server 2010​	​	KB2394320​	​
​	​	​	​	​	​
14.0.5130.5002​	​December 2010 CU	SharePoint Foundation 2010 ​	​	KB2459125 ​	​
14.0.5130.5002​ ​	December 2010 CU​	SharePoint Server 2010​	​	KB2459257​	​
​	​	​	​	​	​
14.0.5136.5002​	February 2011 CU​	SharePoint Foundation 2010 ​	​	KB2475880​	​
14.0.5136.5002​	February 2011 CU​	SharePoint Server 2010​	​	KB2475878	​
​	​	​	​	​	​
14.0.5138.5000	​April 2011 CU	​SharePoint Foundation 2010	​	KB2512804​	​
14.0.5138.5000	​April 2011 CU	SharePoint Server 2010​	​	KB2512800	​
14.0.5138.5000	​April 2011 CU	​Project Server 2010	​	KB2512801	​
​	​	​	​	​	​
​14.0.6029.1000	​Service Pack 1	​SharePoint Server 2010​	KB2460045	Download	​
​14.0.6029.1000	​Service Pack 1	​Office Web Apps	KB2460073	Download	​
​​14.0.6029.1000	​Service Pack 1	​Project Server 2010	KB2460047	Download	​
​14.0.6029.1000	​Service Pack 1	​SharePoint Foundation 2010	KB2460058	Download	​
14.0.6029.1000	​Service Pack 1	​FAST Search Server	KB2460039	​Download	​
​	​	​	​	​	​
​14.0.6105.5000	​June 2011 CU Mark 1	​​SharePoint Server 2010​	​	KB2536599	​
​14.0.6105.5000	​June 2011 CU Mark 1	​SharePoint Foundation 2010	​	KB2536601	​
​14.0.6105.5000	​​June 2011 CU Mark 1	​Project Server 2010	​	KB2536590	​
​	​	​	​	​	​
​14.0.6106.5002	​​June 2011 CU Mark 2	​​​SharePoint Server 2010​	KB2536599	Download	Regressions
​14.0.6106.5002	​​June 2011 CU Mark 2	​SharePoint Foundation 2010	KB2536601​	Download	​
​14.0.6106.5002	​​June 2011 CU Mark 2	​Project Server 2010	KB2536590	Download	​
14.0.6105.5000	​June 2011 CU	​Office Web Apps	KB2553919	​Download	​
​	​	​	​	​	​
14.0.6109.5002	​August 2011 CU	​SharePoint Server 2010	KB2553048	Download	Regressions
14.0.6109.5000	​August 2011 CU	​​SharePoint Foundation 2010	KB2553117	​Download	​
14.0.6109.5000 ​	​August 2011 CU	​Project Server 2010	KB2553047	​Download	​
14.0.6109.5000	​August 2011 CU	​FAST Search Server	KB2553040	​Download	​
​	​	​	​	​	​
14.0.6112.5000	​October 2011 CU	​SharePoint Server 2010	KB2596505	​Download	​Bugs, Notes, and Regressions
14.0.6112.5000	​​October 2011 CU	​​​SharePoint Foundation 2010	KB2596508	​Download	​
14.0.6112.5000	​​October 2011 CU	​​Project Server 2010	KB2596506	​Download	​
​	​	​	​	​	​
14.0.6114.5000	December 2011 CU	​SharePoint Server 2010	KB2597014	​Download	​Bugs, Notes and Regressions
14.0.6114.5000	December 2011 CU	​SharePoint Foundation 2010	KB2596998	​Download	​
14.0.6114.5000	December 2011 CU	​Project Server 2010	KB2597015	​Download	​
​	​	​	​	​	​
14.0.6117.5002 ​	February 2012 CU​	SharePoint Server 2010​	KB2597150​	Download​	Bugs, Notes and Regressions​
14.0.6117.5002 ​	February 2012 CU​	SharePoint Foundation 2010​	KB2597132​	​Download	​
14.0.6117.5002 ​	February 2012 CU​	Project Server 2010​	KB2597152​	​Download	​
14.0.6117.5002 ​​	February 2012 CU​	Office Web Apps​	KB2598022​	Download​	​
14.0.6117.5002	​February 2012 CU​	​FAST Search Server	KB2597131	​Download	​
​	​	​	​	​	​
14.0.6120.5000	April 2012 CU​ Mark1	​​SharePoint Server 2010	​	​	​Removed
14.0.6120.5000	​April 2012 CU​ Mark1	​SharePoint Foundation 2010​	​	​	​Removed
14.0.6120.5000	​April 2012 CU​ Mark1	​Project Server 2010	​	​	​Removed
14.0.6120.5000	​​April 2012 CU​	​​FAST Search Server	KB2598329	​Download	​
​	​	​	​	​	​
14.0.6120.5006	​April 2012 CU​ Mark 2	​SharePoint Server 2010​	KB2598151	​​Download	​Bugs, Notes, and Regressions
14.0.6120.5006	​April 2012 CU​ Mark 2	​SharePoint Foundation 2010​	KB2598321	​Download	​
14.0.6120.5006	​April 2012 CU​ Mark 2	​Project Server 2010	KB2598152	​​Download	​
​	​	​	​	​	​
14.0.6123.5002	​June 2012 CU	​SharePoint Server 2010​	KB2598354	​Download	​Bugs, Notes, and Regressions
14.0.6123.5002	​​June 2012 CU	​SharePoint Foundation 2010​	KB2598373	​Download	​
14.0.6123.5002	​​June 2012 CU	​Office Web Apps​	KB2687273	​Download	​
14.0.6123.5002	​June 2012 CU	​Project Server 2010	KB2598355	​Download	​

Courtesy : http://www.toddklindt.com/blog/Lists/Posts/Post.aspx?ID=224