Configuration Failed - Failed to connect to the configuration database: Error during decryption. Ensure the passphrase is correct.

Issue Description

1. I was trying to connect a SharePoint server to an existing farm after entering the farm passphrase.

The configuration wizard fails and gives me the below error message

Configuration Failed

Failed to connect to the configuration database: 

An exception of type System.ArgumentException was thrown. Additional exception information: Error during decryption. Ensure the passphrase is correct.

2. I tried putting in a garbage passphrase and it gave an error message: The passphrase you entered is incorrect. Please try again

3. But when I tried putting in the correct farm passphrase, it went past this stage and the configuration wizard failed.

Fix

1. Clear SharePoint Configuration Cache on all SharePoint servers

2. Run the configuration wizard on the new server